| Stages of Life | Conflicts | Choices |
|---|---|---|
| Infancy | Basic Trust Vs Basic Mistrust | Hope or Withdrawal |
| Early Childhood | Autonomy Vs Shame, Doubt | Will or Compulsion |
| Play Age | Initiative Vs Guilt | Purpose or Inhibition |
| School Age | Industry Vs Inferiority | Competence or Inertia |
| Adolescence | Identity Vs Identity Confusion | Fidelity or Repudiation |
| Young Adulthood | Intimacy Vs Isolation | Love or Exclusivity |
| Adulthood | Generativity Vs Stagnation | Care or Rejectivity |
| Old Age | Integrity Vs Despair | Wisdom or Disdain |
Erikson believed that we do not proceed to the next stage until each stages crisis has been satisfactorily resolved. Dr. Roger Gould states that in order to overcome the adaptational warp of the early life, one has to continually re-examine the defenses and assumptions. Feelings are memories of past behavior. When you sort them out and see what's current and what's left over, you can begin to use your thinking process to change your behavior. Withdrawal can be turned to hope, compulsion to will, inhibition to purpose and inertia to competence through exercise of memory and understanding. Becoming the kind of person you want to be is the ultimate act of free will !
-derived from the book "On Becoming a Leader" by Warren Bennis
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